With increased blood pressure (blood pressure) or hypertension, as a rule, pensioners suffer, although recently the disease has become increasingly to appear among young people.At the same time, people usually do not suspect a serious problem, many write headaches in lower sleep or bad weather.Lack of high pressure treatment can lead to the development of stroke, heart attack.Therefore, for the timely detection of the disease, it is necessary to study in detail the main causes of hypertension.
What is hypertension
Hypertension (hypertension), hypertension or hypertension is a severe chronic disease, characterized by a persistent increase in blood pressure (while systolic superior pressure indicators are greater than 140 mm Hg and lower diastolic pressure above 90 mm hg).Hypertension is the most common disease of the cardiovascular system.An increase in blood pressure in the vessels occurs due to the narrowing of the arteries and their small branches - arterioles.
The value of blood pressure depends on peripheral resistance, the elasticity of the vessels.With the irritation of hypothalamus receptors, in larger quantities, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone hormones that cause microsudes and arteries spasms, thickening of their walls, an increase in blood viscosity begins to be produced.This leads to the appearance of hypertension, which eventually becomes irreversible, stable.There are two forms of high pressure:
- Essential (primary).There are 95% of cases of hypertension.The reason for the appearance of this is the totality of different factors (heredity, little ecology, overweight).
- Secondary.Responsible for 5% of cases of hypertension.High blood pressure in this form is caused by body disorders (kidney, liver, heart disease).
The early stage of the disease or its hidden course may be suspected if a person is observed:
- Memory deterioration;
- headache;
- Unmotivated sensation of anxiety;
- cold;
- hyperhidrosis (increased perspiration);
- small points in front of the eyes;
- numbness of the fingers;
- Hyperemia (redness) of the front area;
- heartbeat of the heart;
- irritability;
- low performance;
- Swelling of the face in the morning.
The causes of hypertension
With normal body functioning, the heart drives blood through all vessels, providing nutrients and oxygen to cells.If the arteries lose their elasticity or clogging, the heart begins to work stronger, the tone of the blood vessels increases and its diameter is narrow, which leads to high pressure.The onset of hypertension is due to autonomic and central nervous system disorders, which are closely related to emotions.Therefore, when a person is nervous, it often begins to increase pressure.
After 60 years, the development of arterial hypertension is associated with the appearance of atherosclerosis (chronic arteries) when cholesterol plates overlap with normal blood flow.In this case, the upper patient pressure may increase to 170 mm Hg.Art., And the background remains less than 90 mm hg.Art.In addition, many doctors identify the general causes of arterial hypertension:
- violation of the blood circulation of all vital organs;
- Psycho -too emotional;
- Spare the muscles of the cervical vertebrae;
- Genetic pathology;
- reduction of elasticity, thickening of blood vessels;
- hypocinesia (sedentary lifestyle);
- hormonal changes;
- Internal organs (liver, kidneys).
- Excessive salt consumption;
- Bad habits.
In men
The appearance of hypertension, as a rule, is subject to men from 35 to 50 years old.High blood pressure is diagnosed in patients who already have a stable form of disease.This is due to the fact that men ignore the first signs of the disease.Often the causes of high blood pressure in the strong half of humanity are caused by their work.The disease affects people whose activities are associated with heavy physical and mental stress.Responsible workers suffer from the disease, for whom any error is always a strong stress.Other causes of hypertension in men:
- Smoking, alcohol abuse;
- sedentary lifestyle;
- Non -compliance with nutritional rules (fast food, sweets);
- Renal diseases (glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, urolithiasis);
- Take drugs (colds, colds, sleeping pills or hormonal medications);
- negligence of physical activity;
- Problems with blood vessels (atherosclerosis);
- Traumatization of the central nervous system (central nervous system).
In women
The symptoms of manifestations of arterial hypertension in women and men are not particularly different (shortness of breath, headache, ears in the ears, dizziness), but the weaker sex is much more likely to find this disease.The causes of hypertension in women may differ from similar in men, and this is due to hormones.There are even these forms of the disease that are not characteristic of strong sex - this is hypertension with menopause and during pregnancy.
As a rule, in women, hypertension is diagnosed during menopause (after 45 to 50 years).The body at this moment undergoes significant changes: the number of estrogens produced begins to contract.In addition, the causes of hypertension in women can be as follows:
- reception of contraceptives;
- stress, overload;
- insufficient amount of potassium in the body;
- Hypodinamia (sedentary lifestyle);
- overweight body weight;
- MAn Nutrition;
- delivery;
- bad habits (alcoholism, smoking);
- Diabetes mellitus;
- cholesterol metabolism;
- Kidney pathology, adrenal glands;
- vascular diseases;
- Obstructive apnea syndrome (respiratory arrest).
At a young age
Hypertonic disease is rarely observed in people under 25 years of age.Often, an increase in young blood pressure is associated with neurocirculatory dystonia (a complex of cardiovascular system disorders), when only higher pressure indicators change.The cause of these violations in children can be a large load during school classes.In almost all cases, high blood pressure in children is a consequence of the pathology of the endocrine system, ie children's hypertension is usually secondary.The development of hypertension at an early age may have other causes:
- hereditary factor;
- To eat too much, the use of a large amount of salt;
- weather conditions;
- Spinal spinal diseases.
- Electromagnetic, sound radiation;
- Nervous overwhelming;
- Renal pathologies;
- Drug intake that affects the condition of blood pressure;
- overweight;
- Lack of potassium in the body.
- Non -compliance with the sleep regime.
The reasons for the development of hypertension
The occurrence of hypertension in 90 % of patients is associated with cardiovascular problems (atherosclerosis, painful heart, etc.).The remaining 10% are related to symptomatic hypertension, that is, high blood pressure is a sign of another disease (renal inflammation, adrenal tumors, renal arteries), hormonal insufficiency, diabetes, traumatic brain injury and stress.Risk factors for the development of hypertension are classified according to two indicators:
- Not assembled.The reasons why a person cannot affect.This includes:
- Heredity.Arterial hypertension is considered a disease transmitted through genes.Therefore, if the family had patients with hypertension, there is a chance that the disease appears in the next generation.
- Physiological factor.Men of half times are more susceptible to disease than the fairer sex.This is explained by the fact that, from 20 to 50 years old, a woman's body produces more sex hormones that perform a protective function.
- Changed.Factors that depend on a person, his lifestyle and decisions:
- sedentary lifestyle;
- Overweight;
- stress;
- bad habits;
- insomnia;
- the use of a large amount of caffeine, salt, cholesterol;
- take medications;
- weight lifting;
- Climate fluctuations.
Heredity
One of the factors of predisposition to hypertension is heredity.These may be anatomical characteristics transmitted with genes.They are expressed in the difficulty of blood flow, which affects increased blood pressure.The presence of hypertension in the relatives of the first link (mother, father, grandparents, siblings or native sisters) means a high likelihood of developing the disease.The risk of occurrence of the disease increases if high blood pressure has been observed at once in several relatives.
As a rule, hypertension itself is genetically inherited, but only a predisposition to it, this is due to neuropsy reactions and metabolic characteristics (carbohydrates, fats).Often, the implementation of a tendency to inheritance pathology is due to external influences: nutrition, living conditions, adverse climatic factors.
Illnesses
Cardiovascular disease (heart disease, ischemia) can cause high blood pressure.With these diseases, aortic gaps are partially narrowed - it means that the pressure increases.Vascular defects in nodular polyarthritis also contribute to the growth of blood pressure.Diabetes mellitus is another cause of hypertension.The presence of atherosclerotic plates restricts the lumen of blood vessels, which is an obstacle to normal blood circulation.The heart begins to function in improved mode, creating increased pressure.Diseases that can cause hypertension:
- renal inflammation;
- Lymphatic System and Liver Pathologies;
- cervical osteochondrosis;
- Pancreas and thyroid gland violation;
- Sclerosis of the arteries;
- vegetative-vascular dystonia;
- adrenal tumor;
- traumatic brain lesions;
- narrowing the renal arteries.
Hormonal changes
Violations of endocrine organs (thyroid gland, hypothalamus, pancreas, adrenal glands) are frequent causes of high pressure.These pathological processes decrease the production of sex hormones and their effect on the lower appendix brain, especially for women during menopause.Severe causes of increased blood pressure, contributing to the excessive synthesis of hormones, are the following diseases:
- Kushing's syndrome;
- Thyreotoxicosis (hyperthyroidism) - an increase in thyroid gland functions;
- neoplasms in the adrenal glands;
- acromegaly (impaired function of the anterior pituitary gland);
- Feochromocytoma (hormonal active tumor);
- Kon Syndrome.
Age
Hypertension, as a rule, is most often observed in older people.This is due to the fact that over time the arteries lose their elasticity, and this has a great influence on pressure.In addition, in people after 40 years, metabolic processes decrease, at the bottom of the consumption of a large amount of high calorie foods and an incorrect attitude towards food, obesity develops and then hypertension.
Today, this cause of the disease, such as age, has undergone changes.The disease is visibly young, approximately 10% of adolescents are subject to pathology and, as they grow, the percentage increases only.Each third resident after 40 years suffers from high pressure.In fact, in addition to the natural decline of body resistance, the influence of heredity, lifestyle changes with age.
Life
Another cause of hypertension is the lack of physical activity.Sports have a beneficial effect on blood circulation and body as a whole, but few people decide to begin to carry an active lifestyle in order to protect themselves from the development of hypertension.Lack of exercise causes obesity and overweight and, as a result, increased blood pressure.
Hypokinesia is a common disease of our time when a person moves little, and this leads to a violation of the work of blood vessels.Sick nutrition, bad habits, inappropriate lifestyle cause high blood pressure, as weakening the tissue and muscle spine reduces the tone of the necessary blood vessels for good blood circulation.Working on the computer also increases the risk of disease.
Nutrition
The next factor that contributes to the appearance of high blood pressure is poor nutrition.Sweet, fried, acute, smoked and fatty foods usually cause an not planned increase in pressure.In fact, to remove excess sodium from the body, the kidneys require a certain time.Until the moment this does not happen, excess salt keeps water, which causes swelling in people suffering from hypertension.
Lack of potassium can increase blood pressure.This element helps to relax blood vessels and the sodium -free body.There is a lot of potassium in tomatoes, dairy, cocoa, potatoes, vegetables, parsley, plums, melons, bananas, green vegetables, sunflower seeds.These products should be included in the daily diet.It is necessary to refuse fat, greasy meat and smoked meat, because they lead to overweight and usually accompany high pressure.In addition, these food products are harmful to the body:
- butter;
- canned food;
- offal;
- fat cream, cream;
- clear spices;
- flour products;
- tonic drinks with caffeine;
- Soda candy.
Bad habits
A high dose of alcohol and the hangover caused by this hangover negatively affect the state of health.Regular and excessive alcohol drinking can improve heartbeat, markedly increase blood pressure, cause a heart attack.Smoking also does not affect the pressure.Nicotine contributes to increased pulse, rapid heart wear, which leads to the development of coronary disease and atherosclerosis.
Tobacco and alcohol have a negative effect throughout the body.When smoking and drinking alcohol, expansion occurs first and then a sharp reduction in blood vessels as a result of which its spasm is created and the bloodstream worsens.Hence the increase in blood pressure.In addition, the chemicals that are part of cigarettes are able to violate the elasticity of the blood vessel walls, form plaques that clog the arteries.
Overweight
A common cause of hypertension is obesity and excess body weight.Overweight occurs due to a sedentary lifestyle, metabolic disorders, abundant meals with high fat, carbohydrates, salt.Open people are always at risk because their high blood pressure increases with the load in the vessels and hearts.
In addition, obesity increases cholesterol in the blood, which can cause the appearance of diabetes.Patients more than one weight of three times more often suffer from hypertension than people with normal body weight.A person with obesity is more susceptible to atherosclerosis, which is an additional factor in the appearance of high blood pressure.A weight loss, even by 5 kg, will significantly reduce blood pressure and improve blood sugar.
Ecology
Many people painfully respond to the weather, that is, they are dependent on the climate.Even a completely healthy person who is rarely in the fresh air and carries a sedentary lifestyle can be sensitive to changing the weather.As a rule, meteocrisy in people suffering from hypertension appear in weather conditions and unusual landscapes;So before traveling, prepare a road kit.
The poor ecology of the city also seriously increases blood pressure, impairing the cardiovascular system and developing hypertension.Even the short effect of harmful substances that a person inhales every day can cause hypertension to develop.Three common pollutants of all modern cities - nitrogen dioxide, ozone, sulfur dioxide - negatively affect blood pressure and vascular function.
Stress
Nervous-emotional tension (stress, nervous breakdown, excessive emotionality) is the most common cause of exacerbation of hypertension.For human health, any negative emotions not expressed and depressed are dangerous.A long experience of stress is a constant stress that uses blood vessels and heart faster than that would happen in a calm atmosphere.A consequence of a nervous collapse is usually an increase in pressure and hypertensive crisis.Stress in combination with alcohol and smoking is especially harmful because this combination markedly increases blood pressure.
As a rule, in a person with hypertension, the pressure increases and persists longer, even with slight emotional stress.Gradually, with repetitions of increased blood pressure, which can last for many months, the device responsible for regulating blood pressure is used in load and blood pressure is slowly fixed at a given level.